Question – 1
1. Cell sap in plants is present in
- A. Cell wall
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Chloroplast
- D. Vacuole
- E. Both B and C
- Answer:D
- Answer Explanation:A vacuole is a membrane bound fluid filled sac. The fluid present in large central vacuole of many plants is called as cell sap. The cell sap is made up of mineral salts, sugars, organic acids, pigments, secondary products etc. Cell sap also provides mechanical strength for non woody plants.
Question – 2
2. Which of the following is mainly involved in graft rejection?
- A. Plasma cells
- B. Dendritic cell
- C. Basophils
- D. Mast cells
- E. None of these
- Answer:B
- Answer Explanation:Dendritic cells present in the donor tissue displays MHC molecules along with peptides. This complex binds with T- cell receptor and triggers the proliferation of Th cells. The Th cells then secrete cytokines that can activate the cytotoxic T cells which will enhance the graft rejection process.
Question – 3
3. Which of the following is the subphylum of Chordata?
- A. Cephalochordata
- B. Tunicata
- C. Vertebrata
- D. Urochordata
- E. All the above
- Answer:E
- Answer Explanation:Chordata is the phylum that contains both vertebrates and invertebrates, which share some common features in any of their stages in life. The common characters include: bilateral symmetry, presence of notochord and pharyngeal slits etc. Its subphylums are Cephalochordata, Urochordata (Tunicata) and Vertebrata.
Question – 4
4. Which of the following doesn’t have a quaternary structure?
- A. Haemoglobin
- B. Antibodies
- C. Collagen
- D. Insulin
- E. Myoglobin
- Answer:E
- Answer Explanation:Quaternary structure is formed by the interaction of many subunits of a protein. Myoglobin is composed of a single polypeptide chain of 154 or 153 amino acids. Antibodies have 2 light chains and 2 heavy chains linked by disulphide bond. Collagen is composed of 3 helices twisted around each other (triple helix). Insulin has 2 subunits. Haemoglobin has 4 subunits (2 ?? and 2 ?? chains).
Question – 5
5. Which kind of cell potency do neural crest cells have?
- A. Oligopotentcy
- B. Pluripotentcy
- C. Totipotentcy
- D. Unipotentcy
- E. Multipotentcy
- Answer:B
- Answer Explanation:Neural crest cells are pluripotent as they can differentiate into any of several different cell types. Their differentiation depends on the location present within the embryo. Oligopotent cells can differentiate into only few cell types. Totipotent cells can differentiate to any cell type and have the ability to give rise to entire organism. Unipotent cells can give rise to a single cell type. Multipotent cells have the ability to differentiate to limited cells of a closely related family.
Question – 6
6. The given diseases are caused due to bacteria except
- A. Chicken pox
- B. Botulism
- C. Anthrax
- D. Syphilis
- E. Tuberculosis
- Answer:A
- Answer Explanation:There are several human diseases that are caused due to microbial infections such as bacterial, viral and fungal. Botulism, anthrax, syphilis and tuberculosis are the bacterial diseases which are caused by Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus anthracis, Treponemapallidum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis respectively. Chicken pox is a contagious viral infection caused by varicella- zoster virus.
Question – 7
7. Radial symmetry is found in
- A. Coelenterata
- B. Annelida
- C. Flatworms
- D. Arthropods
- E. Poriferans
- Answer:A
- Answer Explanation:Coelenterates are aquatic animals with radially symmetrical (body parts are arranged in a circular fashion around a central axis) bodyform. Eg. Sea anemone, jelly fish. Annelids, arthropoda and flatworms have bilaterally symmetrical bodyform. Poriferans have no symmetry.
Question – 8
8. Which of the following does not exhibit holoblastic cleavage?
- A. Amphibians
- B. Echinoderms
- C. Mammals
- D. Annelids
- E. Reptiles
- Answer:E
- Answer Explanation:Reptiles exhibit meroblastic cleavage (the egg undergoes partial cleavage). The rest undergo holoblastic cleavage (the egg undergoes complete cleavage). Meroblastic cleavage occurs in eggs containing large amount of yolk.
Question – 9
9. Darwin’s finches differ in size and shape of their bills. This is due to
- A. Gene migration
- B. Adaptive radiation
- C. Mutation
- D. Competition
- E. Both A and D
- Answer:B
- Answer Explanation:Adaptive radiation is a process by which organisms diversify into different forms. This depends on environmental factors. The difference in bill structure of Darwin’s finches (group of passerine birds) is an example for adaptive radiation.
Question – 10
10. Name the organ present in jellyfish which possesses nematocysts?
- A. Tubefeet
- B. Tentacles
- C. Gills
- D. Antennae
- E. Radula
- Answer:B
- Answer Explanation: Nematocysts are the cells specific to cnidarians which help in defence and capturing prey. They are also called as stinging cells. In jelly fish they are located in the feeding tentacles. Stinging cells sometimes inject toxins to kill their prey.
Question – 11
11. Meissner’s corpuscles are present in
- A. Kidney
- B. Epidermis of skin
- C. Brain
- D. Lungs
- E. Both A and C
- Answer:B
- Answer Explanation:Meissner’s corpuscles are the mechanoreceptors that are situated beneath the epidermis of skin. They are responsible for sensitivity to light touch. Mechanoreceptors are considered as a sensory end organ that responds to a range of mechanical stimuli such as touch, pressure, vibration and stretching.
Question – 12
12. Which of the following occurs as a result of accumulation of fertilizers in a pond?
- A. Biodegradation
- B. Biomagnification
- C. Bioaccumulation
- D. Eutrophication
- E. Spontaneous combustion
- Answer:D
- Answer Explanation:Eutrophication is the ecosystem change that occurs in a water body as a result of accumulation of fertilizers or nutrients or other natural products in an aquatic environment. Example- algal bloom in ponds occurs as a result of increased nutrient availability.
Question – 13
13. The individuals who possess one of the alleles of sickle cell disease are more resistant to
- A. Cholera
- B. Typhoid
- C. Malaria
- D. Common cold
- E. None of the above
- Answer:C
- Answer Explanation:The individuals who possess one of the alleles of sickle cell disease are resistant to malaria. The malarial parasites replicate in the RBC. The sickled RBC has unusual shape when compared to the normal RBC and contains pores in its cell membrane. The malarial parasites cannot survive in the sickled RBC and therefore an individual with sickle cell disease is more resistant to malaria.
Question – 14
14. A major ecological community of organisms with similar requirement of environmental conditions is called
- A. Population
- B. Biome
- C. Biosphere
- D. Biota
- E. Estuary
- Answer:B
- Answer Explanation:Biomes are made up of different communities of organisms including plants, animals and microbes adapted to a particular environmental condition in a large geographical area. Examples of biome include tundra biome, desert biome etc. Population is made up of a particular species occupying a defined area. Biosphere is the zone of life on earth. Biota refers to flora and fauna of a particular region or time. Estuary is the region where the sea moves inland to meet the mouth of rivers and streams.
Question – 15
15. Morphogens are the substances that________
- A. Regulate cell fate during embryogenesis
- B. Cause damage to the developing embryo
- C. Provide nutrition to the fetus
- D. Suppress the growth of embryo
- E. Produce hormones for embryogenesis
- Answer:A
- Answer Explanation:Morphogens are the regulatory chemicals which influence the morphogenesis during embryo development by creating concentration gradient. FGF, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and TGF- ?? families of proteins are some identified morphogens. The substances that cause damage to the developing embryo are termed as teratogens.